基于GIS的地震应急态势标绘技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐敬海  徐徐  聂高众  胡诚诚 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(1):66-70

提出了地震应急态势标绘元素的分类体系,并设计基于此体系的态势标绘元素的可视化符号库,此符号库包括:基元符号层、单元符号层和表现符号层。研究了态势标绘元素基于GIS的显示方法与实现流程,采用基于哈希表的虚拟图层控制器实现态势符号的显示管理。建设南京市地震突发事件救灾应急平台,在平台中实现态势标绘模块。通过实际应急演练,验证了本研究的态势标绘技术的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

动态非线性滤波模型非线性强度的曲率度量及其应用     

宫轶松  归庆明  李保利  边少峰 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(8)

基于微分几何的两种曲率——参数影响曲率和固有曲率,给出了定量描述非线性滤波问题的非线性强度的方法,分别采用扩展Kalman滤波方法和Unscented Kalman滤波方法进行了模拟实验。结果验证了这些曲率确实能够度量非线性滤波问题的非线性强度,且能够评估非线性滤波算法的状态估计性能。  相似文献   

Assessing the effectiveness of non-structural flood management measures in the Thames Estuary under conditions of socio-economic and environmental change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Richard J. Dawson  Tom Ball 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):628-646

Risk analysis and appraisal of the benefits of structural flood risk management measures such as embankments is well established. Here, a method to quantify, over extended timescales, the effectiveness of non-structural measures such as land use spatial planning, insurance and flood resilient construction is presented. The integrated approach couples socio-economic and climate change scenarios with long term land use modelling and flood risk analysis to generate maps and time series of expected annual damages. The analysis has been applied on a case study in the Thames Estuary in the UK. Stakeholders helped develop a number of scenarios that might lead to substantial changes in existing planning and insurance policies in the UK. The effectiveness of these changes was analysed and showed the substantial benefits in terms of reduction of future flood risks that are achievable with changes in planning policy, financial incentives and resilient property construction in the floodplain. Moreover, the reward can be increased through earlier action. Subsequently, the benefits of a range of policies are explored under the UK Foresight socio-economic scenarios. Different structural and non structural flood management interventions are tested and the results demonstrate that despite the potential for large increases in flood risk in the Thames Estuary, in all scenarios substantial flood risk reductions are possible. The effectiveness of non-structural measures is however sensitive to socio-economic changes and governance arrangements. The analysis described here will help to identify portfolios of non-structural and structural options that are robust to uncertainties.  相似文献   

灞河流域非点源污染最佳管理措施模拟研究     

倪永明  胥彦玲 《干旱区地理》2015,38(3)

运用SWAT模型对水土保持、减少化肥农药施用量、减少表层土壤施肥量比例、退耕还林及综合措施对于不同非点源污染在灞河流域的消减效果进行了模拟。结果表明:(1)水保措施对N、P、DDT的削减效果最高可达44.4%,相对而言对于溶解磷的削减效果不是很明显。(2)减少施肥量措施对溶解P、总P、NO3-N的削减率相对较高,而对于其它指标的削减效果不是很明显;减少农药施用量措施对DDT的削减效果较好,削减率可达50.92%。(3)减少表层土壤施肥量占总施肥量的比例措施对溶解P、总P的削减效果较为明显,而对于其它指标的削减效果不是很明显。(4)退耕还林措施对于各项指标都有着明显的削减作用。(5)综合措施对于各项指标均有着很好的削减作用,总体看来综合措施可大大减少流域内的非点源污染负荷,对于改善流域水环境质量可起到巨大的作用。研究为灞河流域非点源污染最佳管理措施的实施提供了明确实际的决策支持。  相似文献   

Selecting and assessing social objectives for Australian fisheries management     

《Marine Policy》2015

This paper details Australian research that developed tools to assist fisheries managers and government agencies in engaging with the social dimension of industry and community welfare in fisheries management. These tools are in the form of objectives and indicators. These highlight the social dimensions and the effects of management plans and policy implementation on fishing industries and associated communities, while also taking into account the primacy of ecological imperatives. The deployment of these objectives and indicators initially provides a benchmark and, over the life of a management plan, can subsequently be used to identify trends in effects on a variety of social and economic elements that may be objectives in the management of a fishery. It is acknowledged that the degree to which factors can be monitored will be dependent upon resources of management agencies, however these frameworks provide a method for effectively monitoring and measuring change in the social dimension of fisheries management.Essentially, the work discussed in this paper provides fisheries management with the means to both track and begin to understand the effects of government policy and management plans on the social dimension of the fishing industry and its associated communities. Such tools allow the consideration of these elements, within an evidence base, into policy arrangements, and consequently provide an invaluable contribution to the ability to address resilience and sustainability of fishing industries and associated communities.  相似文献   

象山皇城海滩稳定性分析与防护对策     

童宵岭  时连强  夏小明  程林  姜呈浩 《海洋科学》2015,39(9):57-61

以浙江岬湾砂质海岸象山皇城海滩为例,运用抛物线模型,分析得出皇城海滩的冲淤演化动态,并通过历史岸线形态对比探讨皇城海塘对其的影响,最终提出防止海岸侵蚀的对策。研究结果表明,皇城海滩北部有一定的侵蚀,其平面形态还未达到静态平衡,处于不稳定状态;皇城海滩北段海塘修建得过于靠海,致使海滩最重要的泥沙补给源——后滨沙丘被阻断,甚至消失,同时大潮水位可直接淹没海塘堤脚,加上海塘前为近破波,滩面水流和泥沙运动剧烈,最终导致堤前滩面的冲刷。基于此,防止海岸侵蚀的最佳对策是在拆除、重建海滩北部部分海塘后再进行适当的海滩养护。通过对皇城海滩的稳定性研究,了解海塘建设的影响,可为浙江岬湾海滩资源的合理开发、海岸防护工程建设提供一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

深水钻井隔水管紧急脱离后的反冲响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李朝玮  樊洪海  汪志明  沈维格  王义顷 《海洋工程》2015,33(4):121-127

深水钻井中,在恶劣海况或浮式平台定位失效等情况下,需紧急断开隔水管与水下防喷器的连接。隔水管突然脱离后会加速向上反冲,如果反冲作用控制不当,可能威胁钻井平台、隔水管体和水下井口的安全。介绍了国外隔水管紧急脱离与反冲响应的研究情况,分析了隔水管紧急脱离的原因与程序、脱离后的反冲过程、反冲控制方式和成功脱离标准、反冲响应的分析方法。建议:由于南海深水海况复杂,作业者需制定紧急脱离的预案和作业规程,并进行紧急脱离操作培训;由于隔水管紧急脱离后的反冲响应涉及多个非线性瞬态过程,研究者应该开展隔水管紧急脱离测试和反冲响应模拟计算,开发隔水管反冲响应分析软件。  相似文献   

云南省地理信息产业发展现状与对策研究     

刘利  孙威  管谌  曹会超 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(2):21-23,26

在分析云南省地理信息产业发展现状和面临新形势的基础上,提出了云南省地理信息产业发展思路、优先发展领域和支持与服务措施。  相似文献   

UASMaster在无人机低空航空摄影测量生产中的应用     

周小杰  乔新  胡振彪 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(11):117-119

介绍了UASMaster对低空无人机航摄影像的数据处理,并针对无人机应急保障的快拼影像制作和大比例尺测图数据生产的技术流程进行了探讨。  相似文献   

空气（泡沫）潜孔锤钻进工艺在王家岭煤矿紧急避险孔中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

赵福森  谭家政  杨晨  张凯 《探矿工程》2015,42(8):25-29

空气（泡沫）潜孔锤钻进工艺在王家岭煤矿紧急避险孔钻进中,有效解决了钻孔垂直度要求高、地层漏失等施工难点,实现了高质量快速成孔。该工艺平均机械钻速高达7.99 m/h,终孔水平位移仅为0.48 m,二开孔段每米综合成本504.8元。邻孔SW1水文补勘孔以泥浆作为循环介质、采用牙轮回转正循环钻进工艺,平均机械钻速为0.86 m/h,二开孔段每米综合成本为820.5元。前者平均机械钻速约是后者的9倍,较后者节约成本38.5%。与邻孔泥浆正循环牙轮回转钻进工艺相比,该工艺不仅解决了紧急避险孔施工难点,还提高了孔身质量、节约了工期、降低了成本,达到降本增效的目的,值得类似工程借鉴。  相似文献